Google reported about 10,000 gallons for its air-cooled Pflugerville site and about 1 billion gallons for Council Bluffs in 2024.

What this evidence bears on

• Supports: Water use depends mostly on cooling design, which rules can steer. Google's air-cooled data center in Pflugerville, Texas used about 10,000 gallons in 2024, while its site in Council Bluffs, Iowa used about 1 billion.

  • A reason for “Allow them, but only if operators pay their full grid costs and meet strict conditions.”